Readings in Distance Education Series

A series comprising articles selected from
The American Journal of Distance Education

The Readings in Distance Education Series is published by The American Center for the Study of Distance Education at The Pennsylvania State University. This series is designed to provide instructional and resource material for students, educators, training specialists, and other professionals working in the field of distance education. Each book of readings focuses on a particular aspect of distance education research and/or practice as reflected in articles from The American Journal of Distance Education.

Readings in Distance Education No. 8 (2001) Distance Education in the Health Sciences
Readings in Distance Education No. 7 (2000) Web-Based Communications, the Internet, and Distance Education
Readings in Distance Education No. 6 (2000) Speaking Personally about Distance Education
Readings in Distance Education No. 5 (1997) K-12 Distance Education: Learning, Instruction, and Teacher Training
Readings in Distance Education No. 4* (1995) Video-based Communications in Distance Education
*Readings No. 4 - only damaged copies are available, at a discounted price.
Readings in Distance Education No. 3 (1995) Distance Education for Corporate and Military Training

Readings in Distance Education No. 8

Distance Education in the Health Sciences

Edited by Michael G. Moore and Joseph T. Savrock

Released October 2001

While the articles in this Book of Readings deal with various health professions and deal with various aspects of both teaching and learning, they fall into two sets in terms of technology. In the first part of the book, the communication technology used in most of the studies reported was group-focused teleconferencing—i.e., one-way video/two-way audio, two-way video or two-way audioconferencing. In the second part of the book the technology used is the more individually focused Internet/World Wide Web. This dichotomy directly mirrors the trends in technology used in distance education during the past fifteen years.

The book contains reports covering nearly twenty years of experience, from states across the nation and some from abroad, from a range of health professions and examining teaching practices, communication tools, student attitudes and achievements, and even a glimpse at some of the politics involved.

—Michael G. Moore

Table of Contents

Preface

Distance Education in the Health Professions: A Collection of Research
   Michael G. Moore

Articles (Link to Abstracts)

Distance Education via Teleconferencing

A Historical Overview of Telecommunications in the Health Care Industry
   Joseph S. Anderson

Distance Education by Interactive Videoconferencing in a Family Practice Residency Center
   Orlando F. Mills, James F. Bates, Vicki Pendleton, Kathleen Lese, and Michael Tatarko

Telemedicine for Patient Education
   David L. Byers, Jr., Cheryl Hilgenberg, and Dent M. Rhodes

Student Perceptions of Satisfaction and Opportunities for Critical Thinking in Distance Education by Interactive Video
   Cheryl Hilgenberg and William Tolone

Transactional Distance and Interactive Television in the Distance Education of Health Professionals
   Whitney Rogers Bischoff, Sarah W. Bisconer, Barbara M. Kooker, and Lanell C. Woods

Use of Interactive Television for Outreach Nursing Education
   Marilyn B. Major and Donea L. Shane

Persistence in a Distance Learning Program: A Case in Pharmaceutical Education
   Nancy F. Fjortoft

Student Support via Audio Teleconferencing: Psycho-Educational Workshops for Post-Bachelor Nursing Students
   Vivian Lalande

Distance Education via the Internet and the World Wide Web

The Pros and Cons of Web-Based Distance Education in Nursing
   Susan M. Jacob

Web-Based Instruction in Medical Education: A Rationale
   Veronica E. Michaelsen

Interaction in Virtual Versus Traditional Problem-Based Learning Classrooms: A Pilot Study in Education for Health Professionals
   Nikos Mattheos, Katarina Wretlind, Anders Nattestad, and Rolf Attström

Distance Education for Dentists: Improving the Quality of Online Instruction
   Heiko Spallek, Peter Berthold, Diarmuid B. Shanley, and Rolf Attström

A Retrospective Look at an Internet-Based Pharmacotherapy Prototype: Do the Same Conclusions Apply Today?
   Stanley W. Carson, Pamela U. Joyner, and Gail M. Darden

A Vendor-Free Option for “Online” Content Delivery of a Distance Education Course in Nursing
   Linda Goodwin

Providing a Human Biology Laboratory for Distant Learners
   Don Naber and Glenn LeBlanc

Academic Dishonesty in Distance Learning Programs: An Exploration of Pharmacy Education
   Nancy Fjortoft, Lynn Patton, Nahed Khayyat, and Lisa Weigan

Readings in Distance Education No. 7

Web-Based Communications, the Internet, and Distance Education

Edited by Michael G. Moore and Geoffrey T. Cozine

Released August 2000

Online, Web-based communication—seen by many as the key technological innovation of the last decade of the twentieth century—has attracted the attention of educators and trainers to the idea of distance education in a way that no earlier technology managed to do. With explosive growth of the technology, knowledge of how to best apply it—in designing and delivering instructional programs and in facilitating learner-instructor and learner-learner interactions—lags very far behind. The American Journal of Distance Education (AJDE) has published a growing number of articles related to Web-based delivery of distance education, and a selection of these have been brought together in this book of readings. They are offered here in a single volume in the hope that they will prove valuable in informing and guiding readers—whether instructors, administrators, researchers, or students—as they enter and begin to explore this exciting world of online distance education. We hope that, as readers understand better what is known about distance education via the Web, it will become more clear how much is not known, and that, by linking the questions about the application of this new technology to the theories and knowledge acquired through research in earlier technologies, the general quality of research and practice in this field will be advanced. —Michael G. Moore

Table of Contents

Preface

Distance Learning: Trends in the US
 Michael G. Moore

Articles (Link to Abstracts)

Performance and Perceptions of Distance Learners in Cyberspace
 Peter Navarro and Judy Shoemaker

Distance Education for Dentists: Improving the Quality of Online Instruction
 Heiko Spallek, Peter Berthold, Diarmuid B. Shanley, and Rolf Attstrom

Deterrents to Participation in Web-Based Continuing Professional Education
 Kathy J. Perdue and Thomas Valentine

A Distributed Collaborative Science Learning Laboratory on the Internet
 Laura R. Winer, Martine Chomienne, and Jesœs V‡zquez-Abad

An Argument for the Application of Copyright Law to Distance Education
 Tomas A. Lipinski

Factors Influencing Interaction in an Online Course
 Charalambos Vrasidas and Marina Stock McIsaac

Perceptions and Effects of Image Transmissions during Internet-Based Training
 Robert A. Wisher and Christina K. Curnow

Methodology for Cost-Benefit Analysis of Web-Based Telelearning: Case Study of the Bell Online Institute
 Tammy Whalen and David Wright

Being Unreal: Epistemology, Ontology, and Phenomenology in a Virtual Educational World
 Roy Lundin

Copyright Law, the Internet, and Distance Education
 Anita Colyer

Online Graduate Degrees: A Review of Three Internet-Based Master’s Degree Offerings
 Robert W. Strong and E. Glynn Harmon

Grass Roots

Implementing an Internet Tutorial for Web-Based Courses
 Sherri Smith and Andrea Benscoter

A Method for Evaluation of a Course Delivered via the World Wide Web in Brazil
 M™nica G. M. Magalh‹es and Dietrich Schiel

Installation and Use of a Remote Electronic Bulletin Board in Teaching a Graduate-Level Course
 C. Hugh Gardner and Murray H. Tillman

Interview

Speaking Personally with A. Frank Mayadas
 Gary E. Miller  

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Readings in Distance Education No. 6

Speaking Personally about Distance Education

Edited by Michael G. Moore and Namin Shin

Released August 2000

This book of readings presents a compilation of the thirty-nine engaging interviews published in The American Journal of Distance Education since 1987 and an interview of Michael G. Moore (a Readings No. 6 exclusive). It is a one-of-a-kind "collection of knowledge" which reveals perspectives on the changing field of distance education as seen by many prominent leaders and pioneers, and provides a better understanding of the evolving environment.

Table of Contents

Charles Wedemeyer The father of distance education
Michael P. Lambert The home study inheritance
Col. William A. Wojciechowski The military tradition
Leslie N. Purdy Telecourses in the community college
Gayle B. Childs A pioneer’s warning: Beware the bandwagon!
John Horlock The UK Open University
E. Marie Oberle The National University Teleconference Network
Armando Villarroel ICDE’s 1989 World Conference
Kathryn Porter and William A. Mason Corporate training at Aetna Insurance
Linda Roberts Linking for learning
Susan Leslie, Dick Scott, and James Tomsic Corporate training at IBM
Stanley A. Huffman Teleconferences at Virginia Tech
Betsy Powell Early days in Georgia
Reidar Roll ICDE—the world body of distance education
Sandra H. Welch Kentucky and the Public Broadcasting Service
Frank B. Withrow US Department of Education
Teresa Miaja de la Pena Mexico’s Ministry of Education
Sally Haag Canada’s University of Waterloo
William J. Kelly Penn State’s master plan
Barbara A. White Cooperative Extension in the Department of Agriculture
Linda Harasim Network Learning—a new tool for distance education
Alan G. Chute AT&T’s National Teletraining Center
Parker Rossman The emerging worldwide electronic university
Alan W. Tait Open Learning in the United Kingdom
Roy McTarnaghan Florida Gulf Coast University
Lionel V. Baldwin The National Technological University
Gajaraj (Raj) Dhanarajan The Commonwealth of Learning
Ovid C. Lewis Nova Southeastern University
Dan O Coldeway Athabasca University
Jeanne C. Meister Corporate universities
Maris O’Rourke The World Bank
Frederic Michael Litto Distance education in Brazil
A. Frank Mayadas The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
David H. Jonassen Technology and constructivism
Roy McTarnaghan Florida Gulf Coast University—a progress report Comdr.
Kenneth P. Pisel and John C. Shulson The Armed Forces Staff College
E. Jeffrey Livingston Western Governors University
Neil Butcher South Africa—an emerging world leader
Richard S. Jarvis The US Open University
Michael G. Moore Editor, The American Journal of Distance Education  

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Readings in Distance Education No. 5

K-12 Distance Education: Learning, Instruction, and Teacher Training

  Edited by Michael G. Moore and Margaret A. Koble

This volume of selected articles from AJDE  features articles on distance education and training in the K–12 sector. Articles focus on issues of learners and learning, instruction, teacher training, and administration in a variety of delivery modes.

Contents

Preface
 Margaret A. Koble

Concepts
Distance Education Theory
 Michael G. Moore

Learners and Learning
Student Achievement and Attiutude in a Satellite-Delivered High School Science Course
 Elaine D. Martin and Larry Rainey

Perspectives on an Interactive Satellite-Based Japanese Language Course
 Roger Bruning, M. Landis, E. Hoffman, and K. Grosskopf

Participant Perceptions of a Collaborative Satellite-Based Mathematics Course
 Matthew R. Larson and Roger Bruning

Instruction
Teaching Migrant Students Algebra by Audioconference
 Kathy J. Schmidt, Michael I. Sullivan, and Darcy Walsh Hardy

The Role of Facilitators in Virginia’s Electronic Classroom Project
 D. Michael Moore, John K. Burton, and Norman R. Dodl

Distance Education for Aboriginal Communities in Canada: Past Experience and Future Potential
 Steve Gruber and Gary Coldevin

Teacher Training
Science Teacher Education at a Distance
 Michael Jaeger

Practicing What We Preach: Creating Distance Education Models to Prepare Teachers in the Twenty-first Century
 John F. LeBaron and Charles A. Bragg

Administrative Issues
Problems in Introducing Distance Education into Northern Ontario Secondary Schools
 Rory McGreal and Bernard Simand

Oklahoma’s Star Schools: Equipment Use and Benefits Two Years After Grant’s End
 Constance M. Martin

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Readings in Distance Education No. 4

Video-based Communications in Distance Education

  Edited by Michael G. Moore and Margaret A. Koble

This volume of selected articles from AJDE  features articles that deal with video conferencing and other video lead instruction. It includes articles related to concept, learning, course design, instruction, and policy issues.

Contents

Preface
 Michael G. Moore

Concepts
Broadening the Definition of Distance Education in Light of the New Telecommunications Technologies
 Bruce O. Barker, Anthony G. Frisbie, and Kenneth R. Patrick

Learners
Identifying Predictors of High Risk Among Community College Telecourse Students
 Brian Dille and Michael Mezack

Learners’ Perceptions of Instructional Delivery Systems: Conventional and Television
 M. Winston Egan et al.

The Effectiveness of Traditional vs. Satellite Delivery in Three Management of Technology Master’s Degree Programs
 William E. Souder

Course Design
Program Design and Evaluation: Two-way Interactive Television
 Iva Dene McCleary and M. Winston Egan

A Selection Model and Pre-Adoption Evaluation Instrument for Video Programs
 Carla Lane

Providing a Human Biology Laboratory for Distance Learners
 Don Naber and Glenn LeBlanc

Instruction
Faculty Perceptions of Interactive Television Instructional Strategies: Implications for Training
 DeeAnn N. Gehlauf, Mark A. Shatz, and Tim W. Frye

Faculty Rewards and Instructional Telecommunications: A View from the Telecourse Faculty
 Connie Dillon

The Instructor’s Changing Role in Distance Education
 Michael Beaudoin

Policy Issues
Is Teaching Like Flying? A Total Systems View of Distance Education
 Michael G. Moore

Interstate Authorization of Distance Higher Education via Telecommunications: The Developing National Consensus in Policy and Practice
 Kevin P. Reilly and Kate M. Gulliver

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Readings in Distance Education No. 3

Distance Education for Corporate and Military Training

  Edited by Michael G. Moore

This volume of selected articles from AJDE  is published in response to numerous requests for research-grounded study materials that can be used in “Training the Trainers” programs. It also documents the variety of research and practice in distance education undertaken by the training sector. This publication provides instructional and resource material for students and professional involved in distance education and related activities.

Contents

Preface
Michael G. Moore

Articles
A Historical Overview of Telecommunications in the Health Care Industry
Joseph S. Anderson

Learning from Teletraining
Allan G. Chute, Lee B. Balthazar, and Carol O. Poston

Use of Interactive Television for Outreach Nursing Education
Marilyn B. Major and Donea L. Shane

A Fourth Generation Distance Education System: Integrating Computer-Assisted Learning and Computer Conferencing
Allan C. Lauzon and George A. B. Moore

A Selection Model and Pre-Adoption Evaluation Instrument for Video Programs
Carla Lane

Business, Education, and Distance Education
Stephen Murgatroyd

Design Considerations in Selecting Teleconferencing for Instruction
Ellen D. Wagner and Nancy L. Reddy

Whose Job is Teleconference Reception?
Shirley Davis and Charles S. Elliot

A Navy Video Teletraining Project: Lessons Learned
William L. Maloy and Nancy N. Perry

Effectiveness of Distance Education Approach to U.S. Army Reserve Component Training
S. Delane Keene and James S. Cary

Empowering the Learner Through Computer-Mediated Communication
Lynn E. Davie and Rosalie Wells

Effectiveness and Costs of Distance Education Using Computer-Mediated Communication
Ruth H. Phelps et al.

Interviews
Speaking Personally with Colonel William A. Wojciechowski
Phil Savarise

Speaking Personally with Kathryn Porter and William A. Mason (Aetna Life and Casualty)
Dawn Middleton-Paradise

IBM’s View of Distance Education: Speaking Personally with Susan Leslie, Dick Scott, and James Tomsic
Lauren Lukert

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